The discovery of glucose transporters (GLUT) has degraded the role of insulin in the treatment of diabetes.
Mechanisms of glucose transport to cells
At the turn of the last millennium, about 20 years ago, there were some sensational changes in the understanding of how glucose transport functions in the human body. Japanese scientists have discovered new elements of the cell membrane of all types of human cells responsible for glucose transport from blood vessels to the interior of cells. They are generally called GLUCOSE TRANSPORTERS “GLUT“. The name is from the first letters of the English name GLUcose Transporter. The transporters turned the chapters of biochemistry and physiology textbooks about carbohydrate metabolism and the mechanisms of glucose transport in the human body on their head.
Since then, there are thirteen different GLUT transporters in the biochemistry of glucose transport, which have numbers from 1 to 14 in their names, e.g. GLUT1, GLUT2, etc., omitting the number 13 (see the attached table.). This omission of the number 13 does not have any superstitious overtones. GLUT13 was excluded from the list after more careful research, as it turned out to be not responsible for glucose transport as originally thought.
According to the already extensive research on new models of glucose transport with the participation of GLUT transporters, there is no doubt about the new principles of their functioning. In fact, it takes place under non-insulin conditions in all types of human tissue with the exception of skeletal muscle cells and adipose tissue in cases of very high levels.
GLUT transporters for skeletal muscles and adipose tissue are called GLUT4 and have a slightly different mechanism of action than other transporters. Both of these tissues are in the human body to store the excess amount of glucose present in the blood in order to create energy reserves in both tissues. Any excess glucose in the blood must be rapidly removed from the bloodstream by the hormone insulin into these two types of tissues by the sole insulin-dependent transporter. GLUT4 type are found in both skeletal muscle cells, heart and adipose tissue.
In general, these discoveries from twenty years ago led to a much better understanding of new and “revolutionary” aspects about the path of glucose from the intestines to the blood and to all organs of our body. In scientific spheres still function, the outdated definition of the role of insulin in the metabolism of glucose “supply insulin to every cell of our body in order to ensure the proper supply of glucose (energy)”. Therefore, it is no longer possible to apply the slogans used so far, which are still readily used by the pharmaceutical industry or also by countless medical bodies, which still assign insulin to supply all human cells with glucose, especially the brain.
There has been a radical change in the migration model of carbohydrate metabolism products in humans, which in turn has already led to a change in the scientific basis of an innovative approach to new methods of treating type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The introduction of new methods of treating diabetes after this discovery has resulted in the abandonment of the widespread use of insulin in recent years to rapidly lower dangerous levels of glucose in the blood. In place of the widely used insulin, new drugs have appeared that cause the disposal of excess glucose in the form of unnecessary WASTE through our urinary system.
If the excess blood glucose has actually become a WASTE from the metabolism of excess amounts of carbohydrates, then the only conclusion to a sensible way of avoiding diabetes is to strictly limit the consumption of sugars to such an amount that, after consuming carbohydrates, there will be no high increases in the levels measured blood glucose, i.e. above the maximum still tolerated value of 170-180. This applies to both type 2 and type 1 diabetes.